Popular newspaper

        This article was written by the popular newspaper the "Daily Mirror" on 3d of June6, 1963. It talks about "PROFUMO QUITS, He lied to MPs  over Christine to save his family". This article will be analyzed in terms of : layout, grammar, vocabulary and phonology. 

1-LAYOUT: stylistic Analysis:- 
        This includes the following points:-

- [x] -Titling:-
 
           In popular newspapers, titles are significant particularly on the front pages were headlines are placed.
 In the above article of the "Daily Mirror" newspaper on 3d of June6, 1963. There is four headlines "PROFUMO QUITS, He lied to MPs over Christine to save his family" which is clarified as the main headline of the article. "PROFUMO QUITS"  is written in block capitals, it's wrote at the top page in bold face with bigger size, black color and white background. The second and third type is the subheading of the headline: ((THE BIG LIE ,,,,and,,,, BEFOR THE STORM )) The bottom of main headline it's written in bold face and smaller than the size of the main headline.
Second headline "THE BIG LIE " occupying on the left-hand side of the page in capitals and bold letters. The third type represented by the heading on the down-middle side of the page, written in italics and the bold letters are the smallest in size among the other types, with capitalized letters.

       The most important function of this feature is: attract the reader's and passerby's attention, and to emphasis the special importance of titles. 
 
- [x] - Paragraphing:-                        


        paragraphing are small units of any sort of written text: Naturally, any organized text would be divided into paragraphs, which are mainly (introduction, body pargraph and conclusion). This kind of paragraph is realized as a well-organized paragraph. But in popular newspapers, paragraphs are not well-organized, in fact, there is no kind of such organization. Apparently in the above article, paragraph are divided randomly in spite of there is good-looking layout. All paragraph in the article consist of only one individual sentence looking like a paragraph.
           
        As an example, the first paragraph in the article: there is only one sentence (i.e "Mr. Profumo, whole married .................... now down and out"  representing one paragraph.
 
       This feature of bad organization of popular newspaper. News has the function of emphasizing each bit of information by having one sentence paragraph implying one idea, also to facilitate scanning and indicating the informality of popular newspapers. 


- [x] -Punctuation:- 

        The important role of punctuation marks is usually disregarded in popular newspaper, despite it's expressive meaning in english. Almost all marks are used in popular newspaper, articles for diverse purposes.

      Question Marks are used to involve the reader in communication with what they read.
     Example from the article: "What the hell going on in this country?" (Parag 3), question mark are to get reader engaged in communication with what they read.
   Besides quotation marks, dashes, hyphens, full stop, colon and ellipsis, are frequently used in one placed in the article to imply a saying as well as highlight significant words and phrases: Example: " to protect my wife and family" (parag 7). Hyphen on the other hand, are also of an important use in popular newspaper: "red-haried" in the article. Having the a function word with new meaning, which will be discussed later under "word-formation" subsection.
        
        Last of the all comma is used in sometimes omitted, but when used, It is used in informal way having the function of avoiding frequent interruptions while reading, and to make skimming and scanning.

- [x] -Typography and photography:-

         Typography is very helpful and useful in popular newspapers to highlight important things in the article. In the given article, we observe some typographical devices such as: bold facing and capitalization of significant words as: "PROFUMO QUITS", also, the bold facing of the whole headline. 
      
         Photography, or the use of pictures, is of some significance in popular newspapers as pictures are always used in articles, most often in the front pages (as it is seen in the above article) The function of such wide use of photographs is to attract and fascinate the publics. 


2-GRAMMAR: Stylistic Analysis:- 
             
               The following points are included in the stylistic analysis of the grammatical features of the language of popular newspapers:
   
- [x] -Sentences Structure:- 
    
             There are three major features of sentence structure.
       a)- Sentences are often simple composed of one clause Some of the sentences in the above article are simple, e.g:- "he lied to MPs over Christian to save his family (headline 3). 
         
        The function of using simple sentences is to simplift the reading task, and accelerate skimming as well as reading However, some simple sentences might be long, this is to give a full idea to the reader.
      
        b)- Using simple structure leads popular newspapers to make an unusual separation of complex sentences into two parts, the first is the main clause, and the second implies the subordinate clause preceded by a subordinating adverb, eg from the article.
   
      "there's no example in the article".

       don't normally start a sentence with subordinating conjunction like without adding another clause Thus, the second sentence serves as the subordinate clause for the first sentence (main clause). This breakdown or separation and simplification of clauses reflects the informal use of language in the popular newspaper.

     c)- Declarative sentences dominant in popular newspapers as they have to report. and which reported in statements not in questions, imperatives or negations. Most of the sentences in the article are declarative, i.e clear, to report news and information to readers  fiuentlty and explicitly. 

       Apart from this there is an occasional few use of question particularly rhetorical questions Examples from the article: What the hell is going on in this country?
      
        The function of using questions toinvoive and communicate with readers.

- [x] -Clause Structure:-
        
             Clauses are usually simple in the aim ofsimplifying and easiness to readers Another feature of clause structure in popular newspaper is the occasional complication of clauses, which aims at interesting as well as pleasing the readers. Examples from the article: 

a "He lied to MPs over Christian to save his family".(headline 3)

- [x] -Typography and photography:-

         Typography is very helpful and useful in popular newspapers to highlight important things in the article. In the given article, we observe some typographical devices such as: bold facing and capitalization of significant words as: "PROFUMO QUITS", also, the bold facing of the whole headline. 
      
         Photography, or the use of pictures, is of some significance in popular newspapers as pictures are always used in articles, most often in the front pages (as it is seen in the above article) The function of such wide use of photographs is to attract and fascinate the publics. 


2-GRAMMAR: Stylistic Analysis:- 
             
               The following points are included in the stylistic analysis of the grammatical features of the language of popular newspapers:
   
- [x] -Sentences Structure:- 
    
             There are three major features of sentence structure.
       a)- Sentences are often simple composed of one clause Some of the sentences in the above article are simple, e.g:- "he lied to MPs over Christian to save his family (headline 3). 
         
        The function of using simple sentences is to simplift the reading task, and accelerate skimming as well as reading However, some simple sentences might be long, this is to give a full idea to the reader.
      
        b)- Using simple structure leads popular newspapers to make an unusual separation of complex sentences into two parts, the first is the main clause, and the second implies the subordinate clause preceded by a subordinating adverb, eg from the article.
   
      "there's no example in the article".

       don't normally start a sentence with subordinating conjunction like without adding another clause Thus, the second sentence serves as the subordinate clause for the first sentence (main clause). This breakdown or separation and simplification of clauses reflects the informal use of language in the popular newspaper.

     c)- Declarative sentences dominant in popular newspapers as they have to report. and which reported in statements not in questions, imperatives or negations. Most of the sentences in the article are declarative, i.e clear, to report news and information to readers  fiuentlty and explicitly. 

       Apart from this there is an occasional few use of question particularly rhetorical questions Examples from the article: What the hell is going on in this country?
      
        The function of using questions toinvoive and communicate with readers.

- [x] -Clause Structure:-
        
             Clauses are usually simple in the aim ofsimplifying and easiness to readers Another feature of clause structure in popular newspaper is the occasional complication of clauses, which aims at interesting as well as pleasing the readers. Examples from the article: 

a "He lied to MPs over Christian to save his family".(headline 3)

- [x] -Adjectival phrase:-
          The use of adjectives in popular newspaper is of great significance and commonly devoted with the function of providing detailed and precise description of the information as well as showing exaggeration. Adjectives are occasionally marked (unusual), 

E.g:- "War Minister Scandal".
E.g:-"red-haired"

      The function of this kind of adjectival phrases is to attract readers and reflect the preference of pre modification Besides, the feature of the omission of apostrophe and the possessive "s' indicates informality.

- [x] -Adverbial phrase:- 
        
       Adverbs of all types are of prime and crucial importance in the language of popular newspaper, particularly at the beginning of sentences to emphasize events. Adverbs used in the article include adverbs of time such as: "when, now, before, etc."; adverbs of manner such as "happily, nearly" adverbs of place such as: "there"; adverbs of degree such as "very, many, never"; adverbs of contrast such as "but". All these adverbs were used to emphasize the time, manner, place, or degree of an incident or event .This great wideness of using adverbs functions at attracting and enjoying readers. Another noticeable feature of adverbs in popular newspapers is their unpredictable positioning either to emphasize a specific word usually by placing it immediately before this word or just for a stylistic variation in the text.


3-VOCABULARY : Stylistic Analysis:-

             The stylistic features and functions of vocabulary are, to some extent, the most prominent aspect of the English of popular newspapers. It includes of the following points:

- [x] -Word-formation:-
        Inventiveness and deviant uses of words and phrases are special features of popular newspapers. Compounds and neologisms (new words) are primarily exploited. A compound is a combination of two or more words joined together (usually with a hyphen) to explicit one new word. Words are compounded in an unusual way of formation to interest readers. such unusual formations may include: unusual adjectives, e,g:- "Red-haired", adjectival noun phrases, e,g:- "War Minister Scandal". The function of such use of new words and strange formations is to catch the reader's eyes, please them, contribute to everyday English, and reflect the inventiveness of language in popular newspapers.

- [x] -Colloquialism:-
          Colloquialisms are informal features including colloquial words and expressions, which are essentially and widely used in popular newspapers. Here are some important colloquialisms:
a)-Contractions:-examples from the article "there is no example in the article ". Such contracted forms like these are prominent features of everyday language, so readers are accustomed with them. The function ofusing such forms is to get closer to readers. 
" there's no example"

b)-Phrasal verbs:-
     Phrasal verbs are verbs followed by an adverb or preposition to give a combination with new meanings, unlike prepositional verbs which do not change the core meaning of tge verb after combining. Phrasal verbs, however, are very frequent in this type of newspaper as public people are used to them in daily use of language. Examples can be traced in the article:
E.g:- 
"going on" ----> "happening" 
"clears away" ----> "removes" 
"hung over" ----> "covered"

The function of the freguent use of phrasal verbs is to achieve intimacy, indicate the informal nature of popular and make better communication with readers.

c)-Colloquial words and expressions:-
         These include the informal or colloquial vocabulary that are preferred by daily life language users in communication Popular newspaper use such words and expressions to make closer communication with readers Examples from the above article:
  E.g:-
"kick a man" ----> "insult" 
"What the hell.."

- [x] -Characteristics:- 
          Characteristic vocabulary refers to special words that are used in some certain contexts Popular newspapers use such words in particular contexts whether these words are formal or colloquial, but they are closer to informality. Here are some examples from the article:
E,g:-
"kick" 
"power" ----> "authority"

There are two major stylistic functions of using such characteristic vocabulary: to save space, particularly in headlines, and to affect the everyday english vocabulary of people.
- [x] -Rhetorical Figure:-
           Rhetorical figures are frequently used in popular newspapers as they are significant features of the aesthetic feature of language, example from the article "orbes Here the word "orbs" is a metonymy (attribute) of the objects that fall from space since such objects sometimes are shaped like an orb ball /sphere) .The function of using rhetorical figures is to beautify language and to please as well as interest readers.
E,g:-
"clouds of rumors" (metaphor) 
"hang over political scene" (personification) 

- [x] -Emphatic Vocabulary:-
          Popular newspapers use emphatic devices to assert truthfulness and credibility of news, and to exaggerate information. Such devices include:


a)-Words of exaggeration:-
       these may include the use of unmodified plural of words to suggest emphatic exaggeration An example can be shown from the article:
E,g:-
"the Commons" 
"rumors" 
"twelve years"

b)-Intensifier:-
   An example from the article: "many", "very"

c)-Words of obligation:-
      such as: "had to" from the above article.
The function of using different types ofemphatic vocabulary in popular newspapers is to give the impression of assertiveness and certainty attempting at convincing the public to buy and read these newspapers.
"There's no example "

- [x] -Core Vocabulary:- 
          Core vocabulary is mostly preferred than non-core vocabulary in popular newspapers, as the former is publicly used in everyday language. Core vocabularies are common words used mainly by public in their daily life. Let's take some examples from the above article
E,g:-
-"save" is the core word of "protect, preserve, safeguard" 
-"cause" is the core word of "reason, consequence, bring about" 

The main reason for preferring core vocabulary to other non-core. less-known vocabulary in popular news is their simplicity and shortness also, to be direct and more familiar to readers.
       
- [x] Acronyms And Abbreviations:-
        These are commonly used in English in general and in popular newspapers as well. An acronymic a word formed from the first initials of several words.Here some les from the article: "UFo" stands for object", "ISS" stands for International Space
Station' "NASA stands for "National Aeronautics and Space Administration". On other hand, an abbreviation is a shorter form ofa word, e,g "cam" for camera the article). 
The prime fimction ofusing these short fomsis to save space and for the sake of brevity.
Example for acronym: 
"MP" stands for "Member if Parliament" 
Example for abbreviation: 
"Mr." for "Mister"

4-PHONOLOGY:-Stylistic Anaysis:-

          Phonological features have a significant aesthetic role in popularnewspapers. Such features can be: alliteration (the repetitionofintial sound, usually of a consonant) consonance (agreement of the last sounds of consecutive words), orassonance (repetitionofa vowel sound). These phonological stylistic features have the function ofaddngmore zest andaesthetic flavor to language as well as pleasing and attractingreaders. Examples from the article:

Examples: 
"human heart" (Alliteration 
"guilty of a grave" (Alliteration) 
"has hung" (Alliteration) 
"last night" (Consonance between "t" and "t") 
"public hint" (assonance).